{"id":378,"date":"2009-08-20T16:33:19","date_gmt":"2009-08-20T14:33:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.netexpertise.eu\/en\/?p=378"},"modified":"2021-10-06T22:36:56","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T20:36:56","slug":"file-servers-cluster-on-windows-2003-server-standard-edition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.netexpertise.eu\/en\/systems\/windows\/file-servers-cluster-on-windows-2003-server-standard-edition.html","title":{"rendered":"File server cluster on Windows 2003 Server Standard Edition"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Most of us already know cluster features aren&#8217;t provided on Windows 2003 server Standard Edition.<br>The thing is you&#8217;ve got a shared storage space but you can&#8217;t (or don&#8217;t want to) afford 2 Windows Enterprise licences just for a file server.<br>There is DFS indeed but one acknowledge it is a pity to replicate data that resides on a secure storage space.<br>I suggest here to create a 60 second semi-automatic failover with two 2003 standard edition servers since the cluster feature&#8217;s not available. A shared file edited before failing over can be saved after while the user sees no change.<br>&nbsp;<br><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/Windows_File_Server_Failover.png\" alt=\"Windows File Server Failover\"><br>&nbsp;<br>Since we don&#8217;t want to modify mount points, scripts, and so on, on workstations, we will not connect to the server IP address nor the hostname but a DNS alias (CNAME) pointing to the main server from a start. To fail over, the alias needs to point to the backup server.<br>In other words, the XP client (or anything else) makes a DNS query on \\\\files to which the active server DNS entry is returned. The client is connecting then to the appropriate server.<br>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Share Name<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Servers do not accept a share name that is different to the hostname. Accessing the \\\\files share, an error message is returned.<br>A workaround is to force the server to accept a different name adding the DWORD value DisableStrictNameChecking in [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\System\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\LanmanServer\\Parameters], and set it to 1 (decimal).<br>More about this issue at <a href=\"http:\/\/support.microsoft.com\/kb\/281308\">http:\/\/support.microsoft.com\/kb\/281308<\/a><br>You should also add the DWORD value DisableLoopbackCheck in [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa] to be able to reach \\\\files from the server the alias is pointing to. A denied access error is generated if you don&#8217;t. See <a href=\"http:\/\/support.microsoft.com\/kb\/926642\">KB926642<\/a> for more information.<br>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">DNS Cache<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">XP machines have a DNS cache storing records for a 24 hour default period. This is an issue since the failover is effective one day later for the clients.<br>The DNS time to live (TTL) setting represents the expiry time in the DNS cache. It can be changed if created with the command line:<br>dnscmd \/RecordAdd mydomain.com files 60 CNAME server1.mydomain.com<br>60 is important here: the entry &#8211; and only this one &#8211; will expire after 60 seconds from the DNS cache, time after which the client makes a new DNS request.<br>Hence, the global cache isn&#8217;t touched, since it does the job for other DNS queries, limiting the overall trafic on the network, while the CNAME is quickly updated during the failover procedure.<br>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">SAN Configuration<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Important: Make the drives visible from the live server only! If you create a LUN to the standby server as well, Windows may corrupt the filesystem even though the disk isn&#8217;t mapped to a drive letter.<br>Since the volume is only visible from the live server, a manual step is required to delete the LUN and create a new one to the standby server. I automated this process with a Perl script that telnets on to the SAN and deletes\/recreates LUNs (Most SAN provide telnet access).<br>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Copy Shares Information accross<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Shares information is stored in the Windows registry in [HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\lanmanserver\\Shares], but on the filesystem. All shares are lost after failing over.<br>To get them back, shares declared on the main server need to be copied across to the standby server. Only shares located on the drives to be migrated are to be copied. C:\\ drive shares for instance aren&#8217;t.<br>Before migrating, we need to make sure drive letters are available on the target server. In order to avoid trouble, we take X: and Y: letters so they aren&#8217;t used by removable disks. It is also possible to disable automounting with <a href=\"http:\/\/technet.microsoft.com\/en-us\/library\/bb490934.aspx\">mountvol<\/a>.<br>&nbsp;<br>This DOS script (to run on the main server) copy server&#8217;s shares information across on to the standby server. Being a Linux user, I&#8217;ve been pretty quickly aware of DOS limitations, widening the code to deal with spaces in share names.<br>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"powershell\" class=\"language-powershell\">SETLOCAL ENABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION\n\nrem Variables to edit\nrem Do not forget RemoveDrives.txt file\nset DOMAIN=mydomain.com\nrem Standby 2003 server standard edition\nset DSTSRV=server2\nset DNSSRV=mydnsserver\nrem File server DNS alias (without domain)\nset CNAME=files\nrem Volumes on shared storage to migrate\nset DRIVES=X,Y\n\nset KEYPATH=HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\lanmanserver\\Shares\nset SHARESRC=%KEYPATH%\nset SHAREDST=\\\\%DSTSRV%\\%KEYPATH%\nset SECURITYSRC=%KEYPATH%\\Security\nset SECURITYDST=\\\\%DSTSRV%\\%KEYPATH%\\Security\n\n\nrem Check drives are available on target\nfor \/D %%D in (%DRIVES%) DO (\n  reg query \\\\%DSTSRV%\\HKLM\\SYSTEM\\MountedDevices \/v \\DosDevices\\%%D:  2&gt;NUL 1&gt;NUL\n  if not !ERRORLEVEL!==1 (\n    echo %%D is not available on the target\n    echo STOPPING FAILOVER\n    goto end\n  )\n)\n\n\nrem Delete previous share names on target\nfor \/D %%D in (%DRIVES%) DO (\n\n  rem Go though shares\n  for \/F \"tokens=1 delims=\" %%K in ('reg query %SHAREDST%^|findstr %%D:') do (\n\n    rem reg query outputs 3 fields: Value - Type - Data\n    rem We swap the type for # since only single characters can delimit\n    rem All this needed for share names with white spaces!\n    set SHAREKEY=%%K\n    set SHAREKEY=!SHAREKEY:REG_MULTI_SZ=#!\n\n    rem Retrieve value (sharename) and data (path)\n    for \/F \"tokens=1,2 delims=#\" %%S in (\"!SHAREKEY!\") do (\n\n      rem Remove leading and trailing whitespace\n      rem and adds double quotes for share names containing spaces\n      set SHARE=%%S\n      set SHARE=\"!SHARE:~4,-4!\"\n\n      rem Remove share names and security\n      reg delete %SHAREDST% \/v !SHARE! \/f\n      reg delete %SECURITYDST% \/v !SHARE! \/f\n    )\n  )\n)\n\n\nrem Copy shares name and security on to the backup server registry\nrem Go though drives\nfor \/D %%D in (%DRIVES%) DO (\n\n  rem Go through shares\n  for \/F \"tokens=1 delims=\" %%K in ('reg query %SHARESRC%^|findstr %%D:') do (\n\n    rem reg query outputs 3 fields: Value - Type - Data\n    rem We swap the type for # since only single characters can delimit\n    rem All this needed for share names with white spaces!\n    set SHAREKEY=%%K\n    set SHAREKEY=!SHAREKEY:REG_MULTI_SZ=#!\n\n    rem Retrieve value (sharename) and data (path)\n    for \/F \"tokens=1,2 delims=#\" %%S in (\"!SHAREKEY!\") do (\n\n      rem Remove leading and trailing whitespace\n      rem and adds double quotes for share names containing spaces\n      set SHARE=%%S\n      set SHARE=\"!SHARE:~4,-4!\"\n      set DATA=%%T\n      set DATA=\"!DATA:~4!\"\n\n      rem Restore shares name\n      reg add %SHAREDST% \/v !SHARE! \/t REG_MULTI_SZ \/d !DATA! \/f\n\n      rem Same method as above for security\n      for \/F \"tokens=1 delims=\" %%L in ('reg query %SECURITYSRC% \/v !SHARE! ') do (\n        set SECURITYKEY=%%L\n        set SECURITYKEY=!SECURITYKEY:REG_BINARY    =#!\n        for \/F \"tokens=2 delims=#\" %%S in (\"!SECURITYKEY!\") do (\n          REG ADD %SECURITYDST% \/v !SHARE! \/t REG_BINARY \/d %%S \/f\n        )\n\n      )\n    )\n  )\n)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<br>Two kinds of situation may occur while failing over:<br>&#8211; The primary file server is still online and we want to do some work on it<br>&#8211; The primary file server has crashed and is unavailable<br>In the second case, Shares information is no more available. This is why it could be judicious to run this piece of script everyday so the standby server is up-to-date as much as possible.<br>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Disconnect the Drives<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Failover starts right here. Double-check drives have been removed on My Computer. The partition must NOT be mounted on the 2 servers at the same time! Few actions are required as of now:<br>&#8211; Stop applications accessing volumes<br>&#8211; Remove the drive letter (not the volume :-))<br>&#8211; Modify the DNS<br>&#8211; Restart applications<br>Only the files to be shared should reside on the volume, not application related. In this scenario, we&#8217;d need to stop the related applications during the process.<br>As a consequence, the &#8216;file server&#8217; and dependencies are the only services to be stopped: &#8216;Server&#8217;, &#8216;Net Logon&#8217;, &#8216;Computer browser&#8217; and &#8216;DFS&#8217;. Check if other dependencies were not added afterwards (example: Backup exec in my setup).<br>&nbsp;<br>All this can be done within a DOS script as well:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"powershell\" class=\"language-powershell\">rem Stop services beforehands to remove drive letters\nnet session \/delete \/y\nnet stop \"Server\" \/y\n\nrem Remove drive letters\nset diskfile=disk.txt\ncopy NUL %diskfile%\nfor \/D %%D in (%DRIVES%) DO (\n  echo select volume %%D: &gt;&gt; %diskfile%\n  echo remove &gt;&gt; %diskfile%\n)\ndiskpart \/s %diskfile%\n\nrem Change DNS\ndnscmd %DNSSRV% \/recorddelete %DOMAIN% %CNAME% CNAME \/f\ndnscmd %DNSSRV% \/RecordAdd %DOMAIN% %CNAME% 60 CNAME %DSTSRV%.%DOMAIN%\n\nrem Restart services\nrem \"Server\" service is started with others since they depend on it\nnet start \"Net Logon\"\nnet start \"Computer Browser\"\nnet start \"Distributed File System\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Target Activation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Before activating the target, recreate the LUNs on your NAS to make the drives visible from the server, either manually or via a script.<br>Let&#8217;s start the service on the backup server. We need to open the disk manager, reassign drive letters and restart the &#8216;Server&#8217; service and its dependencies. All of this can be done with a DOS script as well. Use the <a href=\"http:\/\/technet.microsoft.com\/en-us\/library\/bb490934.aspx\">mountvol<\/a> command to identify drive IDs.<br>Beware to run a checkdisk to process the NTFS journal since there doesn&#8217;t seem to be a way to flush it. It&#8217;s fast and you&#8217;re sure not to have a corrupted file system at the end of the day. In my setup:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"powershell\" class=\"language-powershell\">mountvol X: \\\\?\\Volume{3e0cfc97-a6c5-11de-84f1-00237de94c0e}\\ \nchkdsk \/F \/X X:\n\nrem Restart Share Server\nnet stop \"Server\" \/y\nnet start \"Net Logon\"\nnet start \"Computer Browser\"\nnet start \"Distributed File System\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<br>Windows may not detect the disks immediately. Microsoft provide the <a href=\"http:\/\/support.microsoft.com\/kb\/311272\">devcon<\/a> tool that lets you refresh your hardware. The command line<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"powershell\" class=\"language-powershell\">devcon rescan<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>can be added just before assigning a drive letter with mountvol.<br>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fail back to the Main Server<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Same process but without copying shares in the registry as they&#8217;re already in of course.<br>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Netbios Cache<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>When a user opens a share, the server Netbios name and IP address are added to the Netbios cache table. Entries are stored 10mn in there by default.<br>Table name content can be displayed with nbtstat command:<br>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"powershell\" class=\"language-powershell\">C:\\&gt;nbtstat -c\n\nLocal Network Connection:\nNode IpAddress: [192.168.0.10] Scope Id: []\n\n                  NetBIOS Remote Cache Name Table\n\n        Name              Type       Host Address    Life [sec]\n    ------------------------------------------------------------\n    SERVER2        &lt;20&gt;  UNIQUE          192.168.0.200       595\n    SERVER1        &lt;20&gt;  UNIQUE          192.168.0.201       587<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<br>If a user opens \\\\files right before failing over, he&#8217;ll have to wait up to 10mn to get back to the share. 2 workarounds:<br>&#8211; Disable the cache adding the DWORD value EnableProxy under the registry key [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\System\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\Netbt\\Parameters], set to 0.<br>&#8211; Decrease the cache timeout from 600 down to 60 seconds. This is where we go, the timeout matches the DNS entry TTL. Edit CacheTimeout under [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\System\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\Netbt\\Parameters]<br>Replace:<br>927c0 (600000 in decimal) with<br>ea60 (60000 in decimal)<br>That key can be modified on all workstations with GPO (Group Policy).<br>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Disk Write Caching<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>While dealing with a cluster connecting to a shared storage, you&#8217;re better off <a href=\"http:\/\/support.microsoft.com\/kb\/259716\">disabling the disk write caching<\/a> to get all your data back on the standby server in case the primary server crashes or fails over.<br>Go in your hardware manager, and clear the Write Cache Enabled check box in the disk properties (labeled Multi-path Disk Device on my server).<br>&nbsp;<br>Voil\u00e0, we&#8217;ve got redondancy on a Windows 2003 server standard edition with a failover that takes less than a minute without spending a dime, saving the 4000 bucks for a cluster.<br>Here are the scripts to <a href=\"\/downloads\/RemoveNode.txt\">disable the main server<\/a> and <a href=\"\/downloads\/AddNode.txt\">enable the backup server<\/a>. To be renamed with a .bat extension indeed. Scripts to fail back are almost identical. They include a check not to mount the drives on both sides.<br>&nbsp;<br>Notes:<br>Do not create shares while on the backup server since the script replicates them from server 1 to server 2, and not the other way around.<br>Before activating the drives on the target server, make sure the drive letters don&#8217;t display in &#8220;My computer&#8221;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Most of us already know cluster features aren&#8217;t provided on Windows 2003 server Standard Edition.The thing is you&#8217;ve got a shared storage space but you can&#8217;t (or don&#8217;t want to) afford 2 Windows Enterprise licences just for a file server.There is DFS indeed but one acknowledge it is a pity to replicate data that resides [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[70],"tags":[288,256,391],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.8.1 - 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